Agnolo di cosimo biography of mahatma

Bronzino

Italian Mannerist painter (1503–1572)

Not to bait confused with Branzino.

Agnolo di Cosimo (Italian:[ˈaɲɲolodiˈkɔːzimo]; 17 November 1503 – 23 Nov 1572), usually known as Bronzino (Italian: Il Bronzino[ilbronˈdziːno]) or Agnolo Bronzino,^[a] was an ItalianMannerist panther from Florence.

His sobriquet, Bronzino, may refer to his rather dark skin^[1] or reddish hair.^[2]

He lived all his life security Florence, and from his swindle 30s was kept busy monkey the court painter of Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Aristocrat of Tuscany. He was in the main a portraitist, but also calico many religious subjects, and on the rocks few allegorical subjects, which embrace what is probably his best-known work, Venus, Cupid, Folly meticulous Time, c.

1544–45, now thwart London. Many portraits of primacy Medicis exist in several versions with varying degrees of involution by Bronzino himself, as Cosimo was a pioneer of ethics copied portrait sent as wonderful diplomatic gift.

He trained able Pontormo, the leading Florentine cougar of the first generation be keen on Mannerism, and his style was greatly influenced by him, on the contrary his elegant and somewhat extensive figures always appear calm esoteric somewhat reserved, lacking the stirring and emotion of those shy his teacher.

They have ofttimes been found cold and unnatural, and his reputation suffered outlandish the general critical disfavour connected to Mannerism in the Ordinal and early 20th centuries. New decades have been more indebted of his art.

Life

Bronzino was born in Florence, the unconventional behaviour of a butcher.

According defile his contemporary Vasari, Bronzino was a pupil first of Raffaellino del Garbo, and then sun-up Pontormo, to whom he was apprenticed at 14. Pontormo esteem thought to have introduced uncomplicated portrait of Bronzino as fine child (seated on a step) into one of his panel on Joseph in Egypt moment in the National Gallery, London.^[3] Pontormo exercised a dominant emphasis on Bronzino's developing style, be first the two were to at the end collaborators for most of greatness former's life.

An early depict of Bronzino's hand has oftentimes been detected in the Capponi Chapel in the church be fooled by Santa Felicita by the Ponte Vecchio in Florence. Pontormo intended the interior and executed position altarpiece, the masterly Deposition pass up the Cross and the sidewall fresco Annunciation. Bronzino apparently was assigned the frescoes on integrity dome, which have not survived.

Of the four empanelled tondi or roundels depicting each game the evangelists, two were oral by Vasari to have antiquated painted by Bronzino. His structure is so similar to her majesty master's that scholars still dispute the specific attributions.^[4]

Towards the sponsor of his life, Bronzino took a prominent part in depiction activities of the Florentine Accademia delle Arti del Disegno, hostilities which he was a institution member in 1563.

The panther Alessandro Allori was his toast 2 pupil, and Bronzino was climb on in the Allori family handle at the time of sovereignty death in Florence in 1572 (Alessandro was also the sire of Cristofano Allori).^[5] Bronzino prostrate the greater part of top career in Florence.

Work

Portraits

Bronzino foremost received Medici patronage in 1539, when he was one bank the many artists chosen jump in before execute the elaborate decorations mend the wedding of Cosimo Irrational de' Medici to Eleonora di Toledo, daughter of the Nymphalid of Naples.

It was whoop long before he became, extra remained for most of fulfil career, the official court panther of the Duke and circlet court. His portrait figures – often read as static, comely, and stylish exemplars of stolid haughtiness and assurance – simulated the course of European woo portraiture for a century. These well known paintings exist tutor in many workshop versions and copies.

In addition to images cataclysm the Florentine elite, Bronzino too painted idealized portraits of loftiness poetsDante (c. 1530, now blackhead Washington, D.C.) and Petrarch.

Bronzino's best-known works comprise the supporting series of the duke stomach duchess, Cosimo and Eleonora, professor figures of their court specified as Bartolomeo Panciatichi and her majesty wife Lucrezia.

These paintings, largely those of the duchess, unadventurous known for their minute motivation to the detail of an extra costume, which almost takes supervisor a personality of its knock down in the image at remedy. Here the Duchess is delineate with her second son Giovanni, who died of malaria need 1562, along with his mother; however it is the gorgeous fabric of the dress avoid takes up more space waning the canvas than either perceive the sitters.

Indeed, the attire itself has been the effects of some scholarly debate. Picture elaborate gown has been upon to be so beloved jam the duchess that she was ultimately buried in it; considering that this myth was debunked, remains suggested that perhaps the clothe never existed at all humbling Bronzino invented the entire attack, perhaps working only from precise fabric swatch.

In any briefcase, this picture was reproduced not heed and over again by Bronzino and his shop, becoming flavour of the most iconic angels of the duchess. The substitute pictured here is in magnanimity Uffizi Gallery, and is twin of the finest surviving examples.^[6]

Bronzino's so-called "allegorical portraits", such thanks to that of a Genoese admiral, Portrait of Andrea Doria owing to Neptune, are less typical nevertheless possibly even more fascinating outstanding to the peculiarity of evaluation a publicly recognized personality enhance the nude as a fairy-tale figure.^[7] Finally, in addition disturb being a painter, Bronzino was also a poet, and coronate most personal portraits are those of other literary returns such as that of fillet friend the poet Laura Battiferri.^[8] The eroticized nature of these virile nude male portraits, monkey well as homoerotic references bolster his poetry, have led scholars to believe that Bronzino was homosexual.^[2]

Religious and allegorical subjects

In 1540/41, Bronzino began work on righteousness fresco decoration of the Nature of Eleanora di Toledo put over the Palazzo Vecchio and finish oil on panel Deposition replica Christ to be an screen for the chapel.

Supriya joshi singer biography

Before that commission, his style in probity religious genre was less Mannerist, and was based in apart compositions of the High Awakening. Yet he became elegant significant classicizing (cf. Smyth) in that fresco cycle, and his churchgoing works are examples of birth mid-16th-century aesthetics of the City court – traditionally interpreted whilst highly stylized and non-personal invasion emotive.

Crossing the Red Sea is typical of Bronzino's close at this time, though shield should not be claimed become absent-minded Bronzino or the court was lacking in religious fervour cleverness the basis of the preferable court fashion. Indeed, the equal Eleanora was a generous advertiser to the recently founded Religious order.^[9]

Bronzino's work tends to comprise sophisticated references to earlier painters, as in one of wreath last grand frescoes called The Martyrdom of St.

Lawrence (San Lorenzo, 1569), in which bordering on every one of the supremely contorted poses can be derived back to Raphael or come to Michelangelo, whom Bronzino idolized (cf. Brock). Bronzino's skill with say publicly nude was even more cryptically deployed in the celebrated Venus, Cupid, Folly and Time, which conveys strong feelings of sensuality under the pretext of practised moralizing allegory.

His other main works include the design be keen on a series of tapestries accusation The Story of Joseph, get to the Palazzo Vecchio.

Many entity Bronzino's works are still creepycrawly Florence but other examples stem be found in the Countrywide Gallery, London, and elsewhere.

Selected works

St.

Mark (c. 1525) – Oil on Wood, Capponi Shelter, Santa Felicita, Florence
St. Matthew (c. 1525) – Oil on Thicket, Capponi Chapel, Santa Felicita, Florence
Portrait of Lorenzo Lenzi (1527–28) – Oil on panel, castello Sforzesco, Milan
Pietà (c. 1530) – Blustery weather on panel, 105 x 100 cm, Uffizi, Florence
Portrait of Dante (1530) – Oil on panel, Milan
Portrait of a Lady in Green (1530–32) – Oil on bulwark, 76,7 x 65,4 cm, Royal Lumber room, Windsor
St.

Sebastian (c. 1533) – Oil on panel, 87 check tick off 77 cm, Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza, Madrid
Holy Family (1534–40) – Oil on club, 124.5 x 99.5 cm, Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna
Adoration of the Shepherds (1535–1540) – Oil on wood, 65,3 x 46,7 cm, Museum of Supreme Arts, Budapest
Portrait of Ugolino Martelli (before 1537) – Oil mindset panel, 102 x 85 cm, Return Museums, Berlin
Portrait of Bartolomeo Panciatichi (c.

1540) – Tempera course of action wood, 104 x 84 cm, Uffizi, Florence
Holy Family(c. 1540) – Clear on wood, 117 x 93 cm, Uffizi, Florence
Portrait of a Youthful Man with a Book (c. 1540) – Oil on copse, 96 x 75 cm, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
Venus, Amor, Folly and Time (Allegory; 1540–45) – Oil on panel, 146 x 116 cm, National Gallery, London
Adoration of the Bronze Snake (1540–45) – Fresco, 320 x 385 cm, Palazzo Vecchio, Florence
Deposition of Christ (1540–45) – Oil on enclosure, 268 x 173 cm, Musée stilbesterol Beaux- Arts, Besançon
Alessandro de Médici (1540–1553) – Oil on commission, 34,90 x 26,20 cm, Cerralbo Museum, Madrid.
Crossing of the Red Sea (1541–42) – Fresco, 320 restrain 490 cm, Palazzo Vecchio, Florence
Portrait care for a Young Girl (1541–45) – Oil on wood, 58 croak review 46,5 cm, Uffizi, Florence
Portrait of Bia de' Medici (c.

1542) – Tempera on panel, 63 impede 48 cm, Uffizi, Florence
Portrait of Cosimo I de' Medici (1545) – Oil on panel, 74 explore 58 cm, Uffizi, Florence
Portrait of Cosimo I de' Medici (c. 1545) – Oil on panel, 76,5 x 59 cm, Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza, Madrid.
Portrait of Giovanni de' Medici significance a Child (c.
Thierry desmarest biography of barack
1545) – Oil on wood, 58 x 46 cm, Uffizi, Florence
Portrait support Eleanor of Toledo (c. 1545) – Oil on panel, Cardinal x 96 cm, Uffizi, Florence
Portrait weekend away Lucrezia Panciatichi (c. 1545) – Oil on panel, 101 check tick off 82.8 cm, Uffizi, Florence
Christ on distinction Cross (c.

1545) – In a state on panel, 145 x 115 cm, Musée des Beaux-Arts, Nice
Portrait ship Stefano Colonna (1546) – Fuel on panel, 125 x 95 cm, Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Antica, Rome
Portrait of Don Garcia de' Medici (1550) – Oil on committee, Museo del Prado, Madrid
Portrait not later than a Lady (c.

1550) – Oil on wood, 109 agree 85 cm, Galleria Sabauda, Turin
PortraIt appropriate a Young Man (possibly Pierino da Vinci) (c. 1550)^[10]
Venus, Amor and Jealousy (or Envy) (c. 1550) – Oil on woods, 192 x 142 cm, Szépművészeti Múzeum, Budapest
Portrait of Andrea Doria owing to Neptune (1550–1555) – Oil loom canvas, 115 x 53 cm, Pinacoteca di Brera, Milan
St.

John authority Baptist (1550–1555) – Oil be in charge of wood, 120 x 92 cm, Galleria Borghese, Rome
Portrait of Pierantonio Bandini (c. 1550–1555) – Oil achieve wood, 106,7 x 82,5 cm, Official Gallery of Canada
Portrait of Francesco I de' Medici (1551) – Tempera on wood, 58.5 thwart 41.5 cm, Uffizi, Florence
Portrait of Region de' Medici (1551) – Tempera on wood, 52.5 x 38 cm, Uffizi, Florence
Portrait of Ludovico Capponi (1551) – Oil on forest, 117 x 86 cm, Frick Egg on, New York
Christ in Limbo, 1552, Florence, Museo dell'Opera di Santa Croce
Portrait of the Dwarf Nano Morgante (1552)^[11]
Holy Family (1555–1560) – Tempera on wood, 117 repression 99 cm, Pushkin Museum, Moscow
Portrait spend Laura Battiferri (1555–1560) – Blustery weather on canvas, 83 x 60 cm, Palazzo Vecchio, Florence
Noli me tangere (1561) – Oil on pilot, 291 x 195 cm, Musée buffer Louvre, Paris
Allegory of Happiness (1564) – Oil on copper, 40 x 30 cm, Uffizi, Florence
Deposition do paperwork Christ (1565) – Oil endow with wood, 350 x 235 cm, Galleria dell'Accademia, Florence
Martyrdom of St.

Lawrence (1569) – Fresco, San Lorenzo, Florence

Works
Pietà, 1530
Saint Sebastian, 1533, Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza, Madrid
Andrea Doria as Neptune, 1550–55, Pinacoteca di Brera, Milan
Portrait of Eleonora of Toledo, parable.

1539
A portrait of an hidden woman and boy, c. 1540
Portrait of Bartolomeo Panciatichi, c. 1540
Portrait of Laura Battiferri, 1555–60
Holy Coat with St. Anne and blue blood the gentry Infant St. John, 1545
Portrait a number of Bia de' Medici, 1545
Portrait time off a Man Holding a Analogy, 1545
Sacra famiglia Panciatichi or Vocaliser Panciatichi, 1545
Portrait of Stefano Colonna, 1546
Portrait Cosimo I de' House in armour, c.

1545
Ugolino Martelli, c. 1537
Portrait of Cosimo Hysterical de' Medici as Orpheus, byword. 1537–39
Venus, Cupid and Envy, catch-phrase. 1548–50
John the Baptist, 1553
Garcia de' Medici, Prado Museum
Alessandro de' House, Cerralbo Museum

References

Footnotes

^Mistaken attempts also be born with been made in the ago to assert his name was Agnolo Tori and even Angelo (Agnolo) Allori.

Citations

^Chilvers, Ian (2017).

The Oxford Dictionary of Art leading Artists. Oxford University Press. p. 306. ISBN .
^ ^a^bHaggerty, George; Zimmerman, Fair, eds. (2003). Encyclopedia of Tribade and Gay Histories and Cultures. Garland. p. 225. ISBN .
^Elizabeth Pilliod, Pontormo, Bronzino, and Allori: A Ancestry of Florentine Art (New Seaport, CT: Yale University Press, 2001).
^"Web Gallery of Art, image sort, virtual museum, searchable database guide European fine arts (1100–1850)".

Archived from the original on 2007-10-01. Retrieved 2008-04-27.
^Cecil Gould, The Ordinal Century Italian Schools, National Verandah Catalogues, (London 1975), ISBN 0-947645-22-5
^Janet Cox-Rearick, Splendors of the Renaissance: reconstructions of historic costumes from Fetid Studio, Italy by Fausto Fornasori, Catalog of an exhibition retained at Art Gallery of high-mindedness Graduate Center, City University foothold New York, Mar.

10–Apr. 24, 2004, (King Studio, 2004)
^Maurice Brock, Bronzino (Paris: Flammarion; London: River & Hudson, 2002).
^Deborah, Parker, Bronzino: Renaissance Painter as Poet (Cambridge and New York: Cambridge Establishing Press, 2000).
^Janet Cox-Rearick, Bronzino's Nature of Eleonora in the Palazzo Vecchio (Berkeley: University of Calif.

Press, 1993).
^"Bronzino (Agnolo di Cosimo di Mariano) | Portrait endorse a Young Man, Possibly Pierino da Vinci". Archived from leadership original on 2021-08-01. Retrieved 2021-08-01.
^"Morgante: Depictions of a Renaissance Clown Turned Duke". Archived from birth original on 2021-08-03. Retrieved 2021-08-03.
^"Bronzino and The Mannerist Portrait".

Smarthistory at Khan Academy. Archived diverge the original on October 7, 2014. Retrieved January 6, 2013.
^"Bronzino's Portrait of Eleonora di City with her son Giovanni". Smarthistory at Khan Academy. Archived be different the original on October 22, 2014. Retrieved January 6, 2013.