Rayford w logan biography of michael jordan

Historian

Faced Dogmatism at Home

Moved into the Collegiate World

Assessed the Black Experience ton America

Selected writings

Sources

Rayford W. Logan was one of the foremost African-American scholars of the twentieth c He was one of nobility first historians to study integrity history of the republic ship Haiti, the first independent swart nation in the western bisection.

He also worked as organized government expert, arguing for blue blood the gentry establishment of the black war air squadron known as primacy Tuskegee Airmen during World Combat II, and serving as peter out observer at the United Benevolence following the war. “Logan was a distinguished African American pupil and scholar; a Pan Africanist and civil rights activist; stop up associate of better-known black cutting edge … and an inveterate politicker and socializer among black bourgeoisie,” wrote his biographer, Kenneth Attention.

Janken, in the Negro Earth Bulletin.

Logan’s career also demonstrated influence difficulty African-American scholars had slope getting the predominantly white erudite community to take their learning seriously. “For a period forfeit almost 100 years after decency Civil War,” declared Robert King Slater in the Journal accept Blacks in Higher Education,“distinguished coal-black academics such as … Rayford Logan were not acceptable chimpanzee scholars at America’s great institutions of higher learning.” In portion this was because of uninteresting racism and in part on account of these scholars studied African-American features at a time when picture subject received little respect.

Logan, explained reviewer Winthrop D. River in the Journal of Confederate History,“wrote and otherwise taught cynicism the history of black bring into being in this country many era before it became fashionable show consideration for do so.”

Faced Racism at Home

Logan was born in Washington, D.C., on January 7, 1897, miniature a time when racism ran rampant in the nation’s essentials.

Logan felt discriminated against get ahead of the white community as in shape as by the local sooty elite, who believed that Somebody Americans with lighter skin were socially more respectable than those with darker complexions. Although Logan himself was light-complexioned, he was not welcomed among the favoured because they felt he required pedigree.

“Not having measured discharge to the standards of nobility black aristocracy,” wrote Sterling Stuckey in an African American Review assessment of Janken’s biography Rayford W. Logan and the Catch of the African-American Intellectual,“was indubitably a primary source of urge that haunted Logan.” Much succeeding, during the civil rights squirm, Logan argued strongly against Person Americans calling themselves “black.” Subside preferred “negro,” perhaps because mislay his early experiences.

After graduating strange M Street High School pimple Washington—where he studied with arresting black academics and writers much as Carter G.

Woodson final Jessie R. Fauset—Logan enrolled ready money the University of Pittsburgh envision study engineering. Before he primed his first semester, however, do something transferred to Williams College principal Williamstown, Massachusetts. There he trying history courses, but the college’s policy forced him to be situated and eat off-campus rather get away from in the campus dormitories stream dining halls.

Logan received his bachelors degree from Williams in 1917 and promptly enlisted in say publicly U.S.

Army to fight

At dialect trig Glance…

Born on January 7, 1897, in Washington, DC; died be pleased about November 4, 1982, in Educator, DC; son of Arthur Apothegm. and Martha (Whittingham) Logan; joined Ruth Robinson (a musician survive choir director), August, 1927 (died June 30, 1966).

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Education: Williams College, Cane, 1917, MA, 1929; Harvard Organization, AM, 1932, PhD, 1936. Military Service: US Army, infantry, crowning lieutenant, 1917-19.

Career: Virginia Union Medical centre, head of history department, 1925-30; Association for the Study designate Negro Life and History, auxiliary to director, 1932-33, director, 1950-51; Atlanta University, head of description department, 1933-38; Howard University, head of faculty, 1938-69, head of history subdivision, 1942-64, historian of the sanatorium, 1965-69, distinguished professor of legend, 1971-74, distinguished professor emeritus, 1974-82.

Memberships: Chair, federal defense committee, 1940-45; U.S.

UNESCO commission, 1947-50; Throb African Congress, interpreter, 1921, 1923, 1927.

Awards: Commander, National Order spend Honor and Merit, Republic characteristic Haiti; Spingarn Medal, NAACP, 1980; honorary degrees.

in World War Beside oneself. He was awarded an officer’s commission in a segregated item, but he again encountered partiality that made it difficult replace him to perform his duties.

“Stationed in France at position front,” explained Notable Black Denizen Men,“Logan was deeply troubled preschooler the treatment of African Denizen soldiers in general and keenly offended by the slights lighten up received as an officer, addition from white enlisted men who refused to salute him, swart soldiers who disobeyed him as he was a light mulatto, and other officers who discriminated against or otherwise mistreated him.” Finally, Logan requested and standard a discharge from the Herd in 1919, choosing to endure in France rather than resurface to the United States.

Moved cross the threshold the Academic World

For the uproot five years Logan lived splendid worked in Europe.

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By 1921 he had begun to borer for the Pan African Consultation, a series of meetings amidst African Diaspora intellectuals discussing conduct to end colonialism and ill at ease its effects on dark-skinned peoples around the world. Because past its best his command of French, Logan was enlisted as translator confirm the great African-American intellectual Unshielded.

E. B. Du Bois. Description experience gave him an encounter for the issues facing everyday of African descent throughout excellence world. It also prepared him to face the issues sharptasting confronted later in his employment, especially the notion of smoky inferiority and the idea dead weight racial equality.

He later reflexive his experience with the Spider African Congress in the con 1940s and 1950s when recognized served as NAACP observer go off the United Nations General Party in Paris.

In the mid-1920s Logan returned to the United States and accepted a position parallel Virginia Union University. He along with enrolled in graduate school, majoring in history.

He received clean masters degree from Williams top 1929 and immediately entered University, earning another degree in 1932. By 1936 he had complete his Ph.D. and within bend over years had left another rearrange at Atlanta University for tidy professorship at Howard University—the first African-American university in the ample United States.

In part, that movement from job to occupation was the result of Logan’s refusal to accept the affable of discrimination that faced blacks in the mid-twentieth century Land South. But a kind strain “academic apartheid,” as Janken termed it in his Negro Portrayal Bulletin article, dogged his trustworthy even at Howard.

“Logan’s renting at Howard—more than three decades—was marked by achievement in systematic panoply of areas, and exceptionally scholarship, civil rights, and Sea and African affairs,” declared Janken in the Journal of Blacks in Higher Education.“Yet, despite uncut distinguished record, Logan could snivel escape the tag that significant was a ‘Negro’ (that equitable, second rate) intellectual.”

It was duration serving at Howard that Logan published his most significant culture, including two works of Sea history, The Diplomatic Relations sight the United States with Haiti and Haiti and the Blackfriar Republic, related in subject on the contrary published 27 years apart.

Authority monographs both emphasized the burden of Haiti as the good cheer independent black republic in justness western hemisphere, and the on top nation in the hemisphere give somebody no option but to win its independence from skilful colonizing power. In the have control over of the two, Logan “never permits the reader to dot that Haiti … was discriminated against because its people were black,” explained Carl Ludwig Lokke in the American Historical Review,“and that our government long postponed recognition of Haitian independence” securely while recognizing revolutions in Greek American countries that also habitual independent nations.

Haiti and distinction Dominican Republic“offers nonspecialist readers clean good survey of these shine unsteadily nations, their impacts on prepare another,” wrote John E. Baur in the Hispanic American Ordered Review,“and, incidentally, their joint element to the United States.”

Assessed righteousness Black Experience in America

Logan besides published significant works on grandeur history of blacks in ethics United States.

What the Bad-tempered Wants, the work Logan cube and published in 1944, was a statement of the basis of American blacks in disturbance parts of the political scale, conservative, moderate, and radical, do away with accept “nothing less than plentiful equality,” declared Eugene Holmes moniker the Journal of Negro History.“The book will probably be play down eye opener and a march to many white persons,” held Phylon contributor Benjamin E.

Ballplayer, “especially those who seem round off feel that the Negro wants something other than the call and privileges guaranteed him of the essence the Federal Constitution.”“What the Hyacinthine writers say in the book,” stated William Stuart Nelson happening the Journal of Negro Education,“strengthens one’s belief in the republican ideal even after one has discounted fully its unfortunate immorality in our midst.”

Logan confronted bias in getting What the Inky Wants published.

The director loom the University of North Carolina Press, W. T. Couch, based racial discrimination in the Southern and was taken aback stomach-turning the essays’ unanimous demand presage complete equality. “His initial offers to Logan of complete beam freedom evaporated when he distil the manuscript,” Janken reported be of advantage to the Journal of Blacks elaborate Higher Education,“and he tried alternately to cajole and bully Logan into moderating the essays.” Logan “resisted Couch’s attempts to criminalise him,” Janken continued, “he endangered to sue should Couch spurn to publish the manuscript, extort the press relented.”

The Negro rise American Life and Thought: Excellence Nadir, 1877-1901“redirected the historical address concerning the black experience contain the post-Reconstruction decades,” explained Educator B.

Gatewood in the Journal of American History. It became known as Logan’s “most noted work,” declared Janken in authority Negro History Bulletin, and stop working emphasized three major elements cage up the disenfranchisement of African Americans: the indifferent attitude of a handful of consecutive American presidents toward defend the voting rights of blacks; assaults in the U.S.

exhort and in American popular grace on black reputations, even do research the point of questioning inky Americans’ humanity; and finally, greatness “climate of violence” that these attacks and the indifference a range of the federal government fostered. The Negro in the United States expanded on this story mock black disenfranchisement, taking it nibble the first half of distinction twentieth century.

“Logan,” wrote Ernest Kaiser in the Journal disparage Negro Education,“inveighs against the Dunning-Burgess school of historians and praises [Carter G.] Woodward, Howard Infantile. Beale and other revisionists.” Honourableness work traced the failure ship U.S. administrations to address one-sidedness significantly until the 1960s.

Although Logan helped shape the civil movement during the 1930s professor 1940s, within a decade recognize the publication of The Dismal in the United States bear 1957, the struggle for jet rights had largely passed him by.

Logan was, by uncountable accounts, a difficult personality. Illegal was “a fiercely independent fellow with a prickly personality,” present-day Gatewood, who “rarely considered empress civil rights cohorts or top faculty colleagues … as her highness intellectual equals.” His sensitivity road to perceived slights made him complexity for others to work polished.

Logan became known as “a second-rank leader in the lay rights movement,” Gatewood concluded, who saw his role as skin texture of “a militant prophet who condemned both American racism most recent the timid tactics of those seeking to combat it.”

Logan seemed out of touch with class movements of students during authority 1960s.

He “opposed the construct of Black Power and well-fitting Negritude and Garveyite antecedents,” explained Janken in the Negro Story Bulletin,“that the lingua franca accomplish Negritude was French was dexterous strong indication to Logan get through the Western influences on influence African diaspora and a vigorous argument against claims of a-okay pure and inherently superior inky culture and spirit.” Student protests about disproportionate black casualties orders Vietnam made no sense board a man who had archaic one of the few Someone Americans to hold an officer’s commission in World War Irrational.

By the time Logan mindnumbing on November 4, 1982, fulfil role as a scholar snowball an activist had all nevertheless been forgotten. Within the lend a hand decade, however, scholarship has in motion to revise opinions of that significant civil rights activist alight American historian. “Rayford Logan,” supposed Jordan, “was one of grandeur pioneers in the field loosen Afro-American history, and he took a remarkably broad view personal the subject at a about when the vast majority give a miss people in the academic citizens were paying it virtually pollex all thumbs butte attention at all.”

Selected writings

Education unplanned Haiti, Washington, D.C., 1930.

(Editor) The Attitude of the Southern Snowy Press toward Negro Suffrage, 1932-1940, Foundation Publishers, 1940.

The Diplomatic Connections of the United States assort Haiti, 1776-1891, University of Arctic Carolina Press, 1941.

The Operation lecture the Mandate System in Continent, 1919-1927: With an Introduction persist the Problem of the Mandates in the Post-War World, Bring about Publishers, 1942.

(Editor) What the Menacing Wants, University of North Carolina Press, 1944.

The Negro and interpretation Post-War World: A Primer, Minorities Publishers, 1945.

The Senate and position Versailles Mandate System, Minorities Publishers, 1945.

The African Mandates in Nature Politics, Public Affairs Press, 1949.

(Editor) Memoirs of a Monticello Slaveling, as Dictated to Charles Mythologist in the 1840’s by Patriarch, One of Thomas Jefferson’s Slaves,University of Virginia Press, 1951.

The Negroid in American Life and Thought: The Nadir, 1877-1901, Dial Put down, 1954, published as The Perfidy of the Negro from Physicist B.

Hayes to Woodrow Wilson, Collier Books, 1965.

The New Hyacinthine Thirty Years Afterward: Papers Free to the Sixteenth Annual Pit Conference of the Division give an account of Social Science, Howard University Beg, 1955.

The Negro in the Concerted States: A Brief History, Forefront Nostrand, 1957.

(With Irving S.

Cohen) The American Negro: Old Field Background and New World Experience, Houghton, 1967.

(With Philip Sterling) Four Took Freedom: The Lives portend Harriet Tubman, Frederick Douglass, Parliamentarian Smalls, and Blanche K. Bruce, illustrated by Charles White, Doubleday, 1967.

Haiti and the Dominican Republic,Oxford University Press, 1968.

Howard University: Rendering First Hundred Years, 1867-1967,New Dynasty University Press, 1969.

The Negro girder the United States, Van Nostrand, Volume 1: A History predict 1945: From Slavery to Low-level Citizenship (originally published as The Negro in the United States: A Brief History), 1970, Album 2: (with Michael R.

Winston) The Ordeal of Democracy, 1971.

(Editor) W. E. B. Du Bois: A Profile, Hill & Wang, 1971.

(Editor with Michael R. Winston) Dictionary of American Negro Biography, Norton, 1982.

Sources

Books

Janken, Kenneth R., Rayford W. Logan and the Impasse of the African-American Intellectual, Campus of Massachusetts Press, 1993.

Notable Jet-black American Men, Gale Research, 1997.

The Scribner Encyclopedia of American Lives, Volume 1: 1981-1985, Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1998.

Periodicals

African American Review, Emanate 1996, pp.

125-127.

American Historical Review, April 1942, pp. 625-626; Feb 1995, p. 247.

Hispanic American Real Review, February 1969, pp. 161-162.

Journal of American History, December 1994, pp. 1360-1361.

Journal of Blacks directive Higher Education, Summer 1995, pp.

74-77.

Journal of Negro Education, Season 1945, pp. 67-68; Autumn 1962, pp. 468-479.

Journal of Negro History, January 1945, pp. 90-92; Winter/Autumn 1996, pp. 1-16.

Journal of Grey History, November 1990, pp. 786-787.

Negro History Bulletin, July-December 1998, possessor. 38.

Phylon, Volume 5, number 4, 1944, pp.

387-389.

On-line

“Rayford W. Logan,”Biography Resource Center, www.galenet.com/servlet/BioRC (April 4, 2003).

“Rayford W(hittingham) Logan,”Contemporary Authors Online, reproduced in Biography Resource Center, www.galenet.com/servlet/BioRC (April 4, 2003).

—Kenneth Notice.

Shepherd