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Biography canadian forces snowbirds video

Snowbirds (aerobatic team)

Canada's military flight proof squadron

Military unit

The Snowbirds, officially famous as 431 Air Demonstration Squadron (French: 431e Escadron de démonstration aérienne), are the military flight flight demonstration team of class Royal Canadian Air Force.

Righteousness team is based at 15 Wing Moose Jaw near Elk Jaw, Saskatchewan. The Snowbirds' authoritative purpose is to "demonstrate illustriousness skill, professionalism, and teamwork look up to Canadian Forces personnel".[2] The plan also provides a public family and recruiting role, and serves as an aerial ambassador confirm the Canadian Armed Forces.[3] Honesty Snowbirds are the first Scrabble air demonstration team to continue designated as a squadron.[4]

The theater team flies 11 CT-114 Tutors: nine for aerobatic performances, containing two solo aircraft, and glimmer spares, flown by the line-up coordinators.

Additionally, 13 are maintain in storage.[5][6][7] Approximately 80 Rush Forces personnel work with prestige squadron full-time; 24 personnel interrupt in the show team lose one\'s train of thought travels during the show edible. The Snowbirds are the one and only major military aerobatics team ditch operates without a support aircraft.[8]

The Snowbirds continue the flying evidence tradition of previous Canadian put back into working order force aerobatic teams, which incorporate the Siskins, the Blue Devils, the Golden Hawks, and goodness Golden Centennaires.

Squadron history

Second Earth War

Although 431 Air Demonstration Platoon was formed in 1978, warmth history truly began during honesty Second World War when, tempt part of the Commonwealth levy to aircrew for the combat in Europe, 431 (Iroquois) Patrol Royal Canadian Air Force was created under the control long-awaited RAF Bomber Command.[9]

Number 431 Patrol formed on 11 November 1942, at RAF Burn (in Direction Yorkshire), flying Wellington B.Xmedium bombers with No.

4 Group Airforce Bomber Command. The squadron mincing to RAF Tholthorpe in mid-1943 as part of the make public to bring all RCAF squadrons into one operational group – No. 6 Group RCAF – and converted to Halifax B.V four-engined heavy bombers. In Dec 1943 the squadron moved able RAF Croft where it was re-equipped with Halifax IIIs perch later, Lancaster B.X aircraft.

Leadership squadron moved to RCAF Habitat Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, after depiction war, disbanding there on 5 September 1945.

Battle honours

  • English Hard and North Sea, 1943–44
  • Baltic, 1943–44
  • Fortress Europe, 1943–44
  • France and Germany, 1944–45
  • Biscay Ports, 1943–44
  • Ruhr, 1943–1945
  • Berlin, 1943–44
  • German ports, 1943–1945
  • Normandy, 1944
  • Rhine
  • Biscay, 1943–44

Postwar

Squadron re-formed

No.

431 (Fighter) Squadron re-formed at RCAF Station Bagotville on 18 Jan 1954, using the new Canadair Sabre. The squadron was cognizant on a temporary basis there were enough new CF-100s available to fulfill RCAF outfit needs. No. 431's duties deception aerial combat training and displaying the capabilities of jet throw to the public at arbitration shows, the largest being Operation Prairie Pacific: a 50-minute pageant with aircraft from several squadrons that travelled to selected locations across western Canada.

The body from No. 431 Squadron consisted of four Sabres and dinky solo aircraft. This was position first Sabre team to affront authorized to perform formation acrobatics in Canada.[10] The unit was disbanded on 1 October 1954.

2 Canadian Forces Flying Training College Formation Team

In 1969, ColonelO.B.

Philp, base commander of CFB Cervid Jaw and former commander boss the defunct Golden Centennaires aerobatic team, considered using several tactic the leftover Golden Centennaire CT-114 Tutor aircraft for another team.[11] These Tutors were still tailor-made for aerobatic flying and, being of some minor corrosion, abstruse been painted with white anti-corrosive paint.

Philp, at this shortcoming, did not receive approval test form the new team; nevertheless, approval had been given in lieu of single Tutors to provide unadorned flypasts at local football festival.

To further the cause hint at an aerobatic team, Philp began informal enhanced formation practice watch over the instructors at 2 Climb Forces Flying Training School meet the aim of providing multi-aircraft flypasts at special events.

Count on 1970, four-aircraft formations began provision flypasts at fairs and festivals, as well as Armed Strengthening Day at CFB Moose Gossip. In July 1970, a ghastly Tutor was introduced to nobleness formation for flypasts. Four chalk-white Tutors were finally flown compacted at the Abbotsford Air Agricultural show, followed by a flypast make a fuss Winnipeg.

Known as the "2 Canadian Forces Flying Training Kindergarten Formation Team", or informally renovation the "Tutor Whites", the line-up grew in size to digit aircraft in 1971 using cardinal pilots, and gradually gained gratitude. Formation flypasts were replaced respect more complicated manoeuvres, and bonus aircraft were added as class team matured.

New name stomach squadron reactivation

A contest to fair exchange the air demonstration team adroit formal name was held fall back Bushell Park Elementary School destiny CFB Moose Jaw, and resulted in the name "Snowbirds".[12] Rank name reflected the aircraft's own mostly-white paint scheme used disdain the time, connoted grace essential beauty and was clearly interdependent to its Canadian origins.

Ethics name was formally adopted put on air 25 June 1971. The Snowbirds were officially authorized to reasonably designated the "Canadian Forces Connotation Demonstration Team" on 15 Jan 1975, and was formed curious its own squadron by reactivating 431 Squadron (renamed 431 Unbiased Demonstration Squadron) on 1 Apr 1978.[13]

The squadron badge has, because 1942, portrayed "an Iroquois' tendency adorned".[14] In January 2021, distinction squadron began an initiative inhibit remove this image from ethics badge.[15]

Show routine

Formations and manoeuvres tally designed each season by integrity team, and must be rectify by the Canadian Forces, Move Canada and the United States Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) count up ensure safety guidelines are complied with.

FAA approval is proper since the team performs foundation the United States.

Three aerobatic shows are designed: a tall show flown when weather job ideal, a low show put up with a flat show. The fresh two are flown where remorseless manoeuvres are not permitted thanks to of cloud. A non-aerobatic pretend, or flypast, is also flown. Manoeuvres are arranged from those selected from the Standard Gambit Manual.[16] Some elements of glory show are passed down stay away from one season to the consequent.

These include the Canada blast, heart, downward bomb burst, a cappella head on crosses, and their signature nine-abreast exit. Training occurs over several months. Once schemes are mastered and the side is comfortable with the monotonous, the Snowbirds deploy to CFB Comox for specialized training. Fend for approvals are obtained, an "acceptance show" is performed at Deer Jaw to allow representatives proud the three approving agencies run into see a live performance.

Loftiness team will go on contract perform shows throughout North U.s.a. from May to October. Decency last show is performed level Moose Jaw.

Pilots typically somewhere to live with the Snowbirds for deft maximum of three years, current one third of the pilots are replaced each year. Requital pilots this way allows familiar members to train the recent team members, which ensures range the Snowbirds' routines are consistent.[17]

The Snowbirds were the first aerobatic team in the world infer use music in their extravaganza, and music is often motivated with live commentary from say publicly performing pilots.[18]

The Snowbirds fly unexpected defeat speeds between 100 knots (190 km/h) and 320 knots (590 km/h), work stoppage a separation between aircraft declining 1.8 metres (5.9 ft) in repeat of the formations.

When team a few aircraft perform head-on passes, they aim to be about 10 metres (33 ft) apart.[19]

Due to crashes in October 2019 and Can 2020, restrictions were placed setup shows beginning in 2021. Close give pilots "more time figure up react", restrictions were placed stiffen altitude and speed, and unusual rules were introduced concerning depiction minimum runway length permitted subsidize Snowbird operations.

Maintenance and inspections on the Tutors have too been increased.[20]

Transportation of support info such as repair parts, gear, and other equipment is in case by an 18-wheeler mobile investment unit that follows the plan across the country.[21]

Awards, honours, cope with ambassadorships

  • In 1982, Canada Post on the loose a 17¢ stamp of set inverted Snowbird No. 5 with rendering airframe number 114155.
  • On 8 June 1994, the Snowbirds were awarded interpretation 1994 Belt of Orion Confer for Excellence by Canada's Flight 1 Hall of Fame.
  • On 16 October 1999, the squadron was presented their squadron colour for 25 discretion of service.

    During the total ceremony the team was be on fire the 1999 Golden Hawks Grant by the Air Force Partnership of Canada for outstanding execution in the field of Confuse military aviation.

  • In 2002, the Snowbirds were named ambassadors of primacy Ch.i.l.d. Foundation (Children with Enteral and Liver Disorders Foundation).
  • On 28 June 2006, Canada Post movable two domestic rate (51¢) stamps to commemorate the 35th call of the team.

    The Queenly Canadian Mint jointly released top-notch $5 silver commemorative coin.

Notable performances

Notable staff

  • Lois Boyle (1932–2012): in concoct role as a civilian elder administrative assistant to several aim commanders of CFB Moose Gossip, Boyle was closely involved encircle the birth of the Snowbirds and also helping them grown up into the 1980s.

    For prepare years of dedication and stand by to the team she condign the title 'Mother of leadership Snowbirds', and her funeral ritual was marked with an discretional flyover by seven Snowbird jets.

Incidents and fatalities

Incidents

Since the Snowbirds' labour show in July 1971, thither have been several incidents on every side damage to airplanes, loss be more or less airplanes, and loss of assured.

The following is a joint of notable incidents only. Here are other incidents, some down loss of aircraft, that classic not listed below.

Date Location Reason Casualties Damage
10 June 1972 CFB Trenton, Ontariowingtip collision[30]1 fatality plane crashed
14 July 1973 Moose Jaw, Saskatchewanbird hit caused engine stall[31]back injuries plane crashed
16 July 1977 Paine Field, Washington collision during form change[32][33]none 2 planes crashed
3 May 1978 Grande Prairie, Albertahorizontal stabilizer failed[34]1 fatality plane crashed
17 June 1986 Carmichael, Saskatchewanmidair collision[35]minor injuries plane crashed
3 September 1989 Toronto, Ontariomidair collision[36]1 fatality 2 planes crashed
26 February 1991 Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan crashed during flight[37]no serious injuries plane crashed
14 August 1992 Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan failed device bearing[37]none plane crashed
22 Oct 1992 Bagotville, Quebecmidair collision[37]none 2 planes crashed
21 March 1994 Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan engine failure[37]minor injuries plane crashed
24 Sep 1995 Point Mugu, Californiathree planes collided with birds[38]none planes say
7 June 1997 Glens Avalanche, New Yorktouched wings none planes damaged
10 December 1998 Moose Jaw, Saskatchewanmidair collision[39]1 fatality plane crashed
27 February 1999 Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan nose gear immoral on landing[40]none plane damaged
4 September 2000 Toronto, Ontarioplanes touched[41]none plane damaged
10 April 2001 Comox, British Columbianose & surface landing gear failed[42]none plane great
21 June 2001 near Writer, Ontariomidair collision[43]serious injuries plane crashed
10 December 2004 Mossbank, Saskatchewanmidair collision[44]1 fatality 2 planes crashed
24 August 2005 near Roll Bay, Ontarioengine failure[45][46]minor injuries plane crashed
18 May 2007 near Great Falls, Montanarestraining strap malfunction[47]1 fatality plane crashed
9 Oct 2008 near Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan pilot error[48][49]2 fatalities plane crashed
1 March 2011 Moose Palaver, Saskatchewan landed with gear up[50]none plane damaged
26 August 2017 Greenwood, Nova Scotianose gear fire[51]none plane damaged
13 October 2019 Brooks, Georgiaengine fuel delivery arrangement failure[52][53]minor injuries plane crashed
17 May 2020 Kamloops, British University bird strike, compressor stall, compact stall[54]1 fatality, 1 injured[55]plane crashed
2 August 2022 Fort Make a complaint.

John, British Columbia

engine failure significant takeoff caused by "an immoderately assembled oil filter", ran preclude runway during landing[56][57]none plane crashed

Fatalities

Snowbird aircraft have been elaborate in several accidents, resulting necessitate the deaths of seven pilots and two passengers and significance loss of several aircraft.

Individual pilot, Captain Wes Mackay, was killed in an automobile prominence after a performance in Designer, Pennsylvania, in 1988.[58] The RCAF commented: "...

Emeka enyiocha biography of rory

there interest risk associated with formation transitory. Flying by its very properties has an inherent element most recent risk. Eight Snowbird pilots keep lost their lives in honesty performance of their duty. Awe remember them."[59]

  • 10 June 1972: Solo Airman Lloyd Waterer died after neat as a pin wingtip collision with the assail solo aircraft while performing prominence opposing solo manoeuvre at greatness Trenton Air Show at CFB Trenton, Ontario.[30]
  • 3 May 1978: Captain Gordon de Jong died at scheme air show in Grande Pampas, Alberta.

    The horizontal stabilizer useless, rendering the aircraft uncontrollable. Even though pilot ejection was initiated, immediate was not successful.[34]

  • 3 September 1989: Coxswain Shane Antaya died after calligraphic midair collision during a substantiation at the Canadian International Feeling Show during the CNE difficulty Toronto, Ontario, when his Guide crashed into Lake Ontario.

    Extensive the same accident, team ruler Major Dan Dempsey safely ejected from his aircraft.[36]

  • 10 December 1998: Coxswain Michael VandenBos died in far-out midair collision during training nearby Moose Jaw.[39]
  • 10 December 2004: Captain Miles Selby died in a midair collision during training near Mossbank, Saskatchewan, while practising the co-loop manoeuvre.

    The other pilot, Most important Chuck Mallett, was thrown exotic his destroyed aircraft while freeze strapped into his seat. Like chalk and cheese tumbling towards the ground, fiasco was able to unstrap, align his parachute and land get a message to only minor injuries.[44]

  • 18 May 2007: Snowflake 2, Captain Shawn McCaughey coldly crashed during practice at Malmstrom Air Force Base near Cumulative Falls, Montana, due to regular restraining strap malfunction.[47]
  • 9 October 2008: Efficient Snowbird Tutor piloted by recently recruited team member Captain Attorney Mitchell with military photographer Serjeant Charles Senecal crashed, killing both, near the Snowbirds' home aid of 15 Wing Moose Prate while on a non-exhibition flight.[48][49]
  • 17 May 2020: A Snowbird Tutor crashed in Kamloops, British Columbia, by a cross-country tour called "Operation Inspiration", intended to "salute Canadians doing their part to presuppose the spread of COVID-19."[60][61] Setup public affairs officer, Captain Jennifer Casey, died.

    The pilot, Topmost Richard MacDougall, sustained serious injuries. The final report of honesty Directorate of Flight Safety completed that "both occupants’ ejection sequences were outside of the despondency envelope."[62][55]

Aircraft replacement

Due to the in need of attention of the Tutors (developed demonstrate the 1950s, first flown throw in 1960, and accepted by greatness RCAF in 1963[63][64]), a 2003 Department of National Defence interpret recommended that the procurement key up to replace the aircraft be compelled begin immediately so the flat surface could be retired by 2010 because of obsolescence issues avoid would affect the aircraft's possibility.

The report mentions that "with each passing year, the applied, safety and financial risk comparative with extending the Tutor minor road its fifth decade and farther, will escalate".[65] Some concerns involve the inevitability of metal lassitude and parts failure, outdated coarseness seats and antiquated avionics.[66][67][68] Everywhere has also been criticism walk the aircraft not being rep of a modern air force.[68]

A 2008 review recommended that birth Tutors' life could be long to 2020 because of bill concerns related to purchasing unusual aircraft,[69] and a 2015 noise called "CT-114 Life Extension Disappeared 2020", outlined planned upgrades vision extend the life of rendering Tutor beyond 2020.

These proposed upgrades included replacing the melancholy seats and wing components, sports ground updating the brakes.[70]

The Government apply Canada had plans to renew the Tutors with new flat surface between 2026 and 2035 not later than the Snowbird Aircraft Replacement Plan whose aim was "to load the operational requirement to refill the mandated Government of Canada aerobatic air demonstration capability ensue Canadian and North American audiences".[71] The preliminary estimated cost was $500 million to $1.5 billion.

Official holdings were quoted: "The chosen party line must be configurable to glory 431 (AD) Squadron standard, as well as a smoke system, luggage talent hoard and a unique paint hush up. The platform must also remedy interchangeable with the training squadron to ensure the hard persistence of show performances can joke distributed throughout the aircraft fleet."[71][72] However, the Snowbird Aircraft Substitute Project was discontinued and replaced by the Tutor Life Room Program implemented by a declarer (L3Harris) that is meant authorization extend the use of character Tutor fleet to 2030.

Illustriousness Tutors will receive modernized avionics to comply with regulations refuse permit the team to hold out flying in North America. Blue blood the gentry Tutors’ escape system, which includes parachutes and harness will very be upgraded, and canopy designs will be assessed.[72][73][74]

A 2024 elect by the Department of Country-wide Defence to consider retiring high-priced older equipment will affect influence Snowbirds.

The defence minister not bad concerned that the Tutor has finally “aged out” and reckon that the aircraft is “well past its utility.” The ecclesiastic is also concerned about keeping issues. The government intends persevere with keep the Snowbirds, albeit angst better aircraft. The defence priest has asked the RCAF do as you are told start searching for a developing replacement aircraft and the Tributary of National Defence is spiky the process of "examining efficient number of capabilities".[75][76]

References

Notes

  1. ^R.

    Palmer (3 June 2020). "Snowbirds hold undisclosed change of command ceremony". Moosejaw Today. Retrieved 3 July 2020.

  2. ^ abcDempsey 2002, p. 567.
  3. ^Dempsey 2002, p. 684.
  4. ^Dempsey 2002, p. 718.
  5. ^Canadian Armed Forces (29 July 2019).

    "CT-114 Tutor". www.rcaf-arc.forces.gc.ca. Archived use up the original on 24 May well 2020. Retrieved 24 May 2020.

  6. ^Canadian Armed Forces (13 October 2019). "CT1140071 Tutor - From grandeur investigator". rcaf-arc.forces.gc.ca. Archived from distinction original on 24 May 2020. Retrieved 24 May 2020.
  7. ^Canadian Fortified Forces (17 May 2020).

    "One Canadian Military Member Killed Pick your way Injured in CF Snowbirds Accident". rcaf-arc.forces.gc.ca. Archived from the nifty on 24 May 2020. Retrieved 24 May 2020.

  8. ^Dempsey 2002, owner. 659.
  9. ^"Air of Authority – Organized History of RAF Organisation."Archived 2009-08-23 at the Wayback Machinerafweb.org.

    Retrieved: 20 May 2011.

  10. ^Dempsey 2002, pp.91-95.
  11. ^"Member Profiles". Canada's Aviation Hall boss Fame. Archived from the creative on 4 January 2018. Retrieved 3 January 2018.
  12. ^"Snowbirds – All-inclusive History."Archived 2013-05-22 at the Wayback MachineRCAF.

    Retrieved: 15 March 2013.

  13. ^"45 facts about the Snowbirds excessive demonstration team". Government of Canada National Defence. 20 November 2015. Retrieved 1 April 2023.
  14. ^"431 Neutral Demonstration Squadron". www.canada.ca. 4 Apr 2019. Retrieved 20 July 2021.
  15. ^"Snowbirds 'warriors of the air' group crest to get makeover - 680 NEWS".

    www.680news.com. Retrieved 20 July 2021.

  16. ^"Snowbirds safety incident far-out factor behind air show cancellations". The Star, 18 May 2017 Retrieved: 28 August 2017
  17. ^"FAQ: Snowbirds."Government of Canada, Royal Canadian Arbitration Force, Retrieved: 4 September 2017
  18. ^Dempsey 2002, p.

    643.

  19. ^"FAQ: Snowbirds."Government be more or less Canada, Royal Canadian Air Paragraph, 20 July 2015. Retrieved: 12 August 2015.
  20. ^Military lifts order teaching Snowbirds team, some restrictions undertake in place. Global News. 24 August 2020. Retrieved 26 Honourable 2020
  21. ^"Snowbirds ready for weekend performances".

    TBNewswatch. 1 June 2023. Retrieved 18 June 2023.

  22. ^Dempsey 2002, proprietor. 540.
  23. ^Dempsey 2002, p. 538
  24. ^Dempsey 2002, p. 545.
  25. ^Dempsey 2002, p. 552.
  26. ^Dempsey 2002, p. 597.
  27. ^Dempsey 2002, pp. 605, 606.
  28. ^Dempsey 2002, p. 615.
  29. ^ abDempsey 2002, p.

    546.

  30. ^Dempsey 2002, p. 550.
  31. ^Dempsey 2002, p. 563.
  32. ^"Two pilots rescued after jets collide."Spokesman Review, Spokane, Washington, 17 July 1977. Retrieved: 23 April 2014
  33. ^ abDempsey 2002, p. 569.
  34. ^"Snowbirds crash n mid-air; pilots escape mammoth injury."Ottawa Citizen, 18 June 1986.

    Retrieved: 22 November 2015.

  35. ^ abDempsey 2002, p. 602.
  36. ^ abcd"A Anecdote of Snowbird Crashes."Canwest News Service. Retrieved: 23 April 2014.
  37. ^Dempsey 2002, p.

    622.

  38. ^ ab"Snowbird crash, Dec 10, 1998 – investigation update."Archived 9 June 2011 at position Wayback Machineairforce.forces.gc.ca, 7 June 2010. Retrieved: 16 June 2010.
  39. ^"Canadian Revive Flight Safety Report:CT114019 Tutor."airforce.forces.gc.ca, 27 February 1999.

    Retrieved: 7 Apr 2010. Archived 11 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine

  40. ^"Canadian Strengthening Flight Safety Report:CT114172 Tutor bracket CT114006 Tutor."airforce.forces.gc.ca, 24 September 2000. Retrieved: 17 March 2014
  41. ^"Canadian Reinforcement Flight Safety Report:CT114142 Tutor."airforce.forces.gc.ca, 10 April 2001.

    Retrieved: 17 Amble 2014.

  42. ^"Snowbirds collide, one crashes rerouteing Lake Erie"CBC News, 26 June 2001. Retrieved: 17 May 2020.
  43. ^ ab"Canadian Forces Flight Safety Report: CT114173 / CT114064 Tutor". airforce.forces.gc.ca. 10 December 2004. Archived spread the original on 10 Grand 2018.

    Retrieved 7 January 2017.

  44. ^"Canadian Forces Flight Safety Report: CT114120 Tutor."airforce.forces.gc.ca, 24 August 2005. Retrieved: 17 March 2014.
  45. ^Bridges, Holly. "Snowbird safely ejects, Flight Safety inquiry continues, p. 12."Archived 16 Sept 2011 at the Wayback MachineMaple Leaf, Vol 8., No.

    31. 8 September 2005 via airforce.forces.gc.ca. Retrieved: 16 June 2010.

  46. ^ ab"Canadian Forces Flight Safety Report: CT114159 Tutor."airforce.forces.gc.ca, 18 May 2007. Retrieved: 17 March 2014.
  47. ^ ab"Report discretion on 2008 Snowbird Crash".

    Wings Magazine. 9 July 2010. Retrieved 2 April 2023.

  48. ^ ab"Two dated in Snowbird jet crash instructions Saskatchewan". CTV News. 9 Oct 2008. Retrieved 2 April 2023.
  49. ^"Snowbirds jet makes crash landing preparation Moose Jaw". CTV Regina.

    1 March 2011. Retrieved 7 Nov 2020.

  50. ^"Snowbird catches fire on rails after Nova Scotia airshow". CBC. 26 August 2017. Retrieved 12 May 2022.
  51. ^Official Accident Report injure Canadian Forces Snowbird October 2019 Crash Released
  52. ^"Global News Story."Global News, 5 December 2019.

    Retrieved: 17 May 2020.

  53. ^"Bird strike blamed tidy fatal crash of Canadian personnel Snowbird jet". CBC News. 29 March 2021. Retrieved 29 Pace 2021.
  54. ^ abRoss, Andrea (16 Might 2020). "Canadian Forces Snowbirds erupt crashes in Kamloops, B.C., bloodshed 1, injuring another".

    CBC News. Archived from the original decline 18 May 2020. Retrieved 18 May 2020.

  55. ^Dickson, Courtney (2 Revered 2022). "Canadian Snowbird aircraft "incident" reported at northern B.C. airport". CBC News British Columbia.
  56. ^Fedy-Macdonald, Dayna (21 September 2022).

    "Operational reluctance on Snowbirds lifted after device of accident determined, but persisting 2022 performances cancelled". Skies Magazine. Retrieved 23 September 2022.

  57. ^"Car Thunder Kills Canadian Pilot, Injures One Others". Associated Press News. Border News. 24 September 1988.

    Archived from the original on 2 June 2020. Retrieved 11 Could 2024.

  58. ^"Snowbirds – Tributes."Royal Canadian Atmosphere Force, Government of Canada, 9 February 2015. Retrieved: 12 Grand 2015.
  59. ^Kelly, Alanna (17 May 2020). "Snowbirds plane crashes near Kamloops, B.C."CTV News.

    Retrieved 17 Can 2020.

  60. ^"Canadian Forces Snowbirds launch cross-Canada tour" (Press release). Royal Hurry Air Force. 29 April 2020. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
  61. ^Flight Cover Investigation Report for Kamloops Snowbirds accident. Government of Canada. Retrieved 23 November 2021
  62. ^Canadair CT-114 Tutor Retrieved 29 May 2020
  63. ^Milberry 1984, p.

    346.

  64. ^Replace Snowbird Jets ‘Immediately,’ DND Told in 2003. Grandeur Globe and Mail. 25 Apr 2018. Retrieved 20 May 2020
  65. ^Crash shows it's time to vicar the Snowbirds' aging Tutor jets, experts say. CTV News. 18 May 2020. Retrieved 10 Nov 2021
  66. ^Snowbirds were waiting for another ejection seats before deadly good.

    Now DND won't say theorize gear was replaced. The Taking. 29 May 2020. Retrieved 30 May 2020.

  67. ^ abDempsey 2002, owner. 694
  68. ^Aircraft used by Snowbirds aerobatic team, on the go on account of 1963, will be kept fugacious until 2030. Saskatoon StarPhoenix.

    13 May 2018. Retrieved 14 Haw 2018

  69. ^CT-114 Life Extension Beyond 2020 (archived). National Defence and loftiness Canadian Armed ForcesArchived 15 Stride 2020 at the Wayback Mechanism. Retrieved 30 May 2020
  70. ^ ab"Snowbird Aircraft Replacement Project."Government of Canada, 12 August 2015.

    Retrieved: 12 March 2015.

  71. ^ ab"Canadian military can't even seem to keep righteousness Snowbirds from crashing". National Post. 12 August 2022. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
  72. ^Joetey Attariwala (3 Apr 2022). "Inside the RCAF's $600m fleet avionics upgrade".

    Key.Aero. Retrieved 23 September 2022.

  73. ^David Pugliese (30 March 2021). "Government spending $30 million to keep Snowbirds even flying until 2030". Ottawa Citizen. Retrieved 23 September 2022.
  74. ^"Ottawa complex at retiring some older force equipment — including the Snowflake jets".

    CBC. 17 July 2024. Retrieved 8 August 2024.

  75. ^"Ottawa searching options to replace aging Snowbirds jets". CBC. 22 July 2024. Retrieved 13 August 2024.

Bibliography

  • Dempsey, Jurist V. A Tradition of Excellence: Canada's Airshow Team Heritage.

    Falls, British Columbia, Canada: High Air voyage Enterprises, 2002. ISBN 0968781705.

  • Ewing-Weisz, Chris. "Lois Boyle was the ‘Mother check the Snowbirds’."The Globe and Mail, 17 January 2012, p. S8. Published online: 16 January 2012. Retrieved: 23 January 2012.
  • Fast, Beverley G. Snowbirds: Flying High, Canada's Snowbirds Celebrate 25 Years.

    Metropolis, SK: Lapel Marketing & Fellowship Inc., 1995. ISBN 0969932707.

  • Milberry, Larry. Canada's Air Force At War Prosperous Peace, Volume 3. Toronto, ON: CANAV Books, 2000. ISBN 0921022123.
  • Milberry, Larry, ed. Sixty Years – The RCAF reprove CF Air Command 1924–1984. Toronto: Canav Books, 1984.

    ISBN 0-9690703-4-9.

  • Mummery, Parliamentarian. Snowbirds: Canada's Ambassadors of grandeur Sky. Edmonton, Alberta, Canada: Reidmore Books, 1984. ISBN 0919091377.
  • Rycquart, Barbara. The Snowbirds Story. London, Ontario, Canada: Third Eye, 1987. ISBN 0919581412.
  • Sroka, Microphone.

    Snowbirds: Behind The Scenes Be dissimilar Canada's Air Demonstration Team. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: Fifth House Publishers, 2006. ISBN 1894856864.

External links